Polysemy and Metaphorical Extensions of Temperature Terms: Warm and Cool
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24903/sj.v4i2.322Keywords:
polysemy, semantic network, extended sensesAbstract
This study focuses on describing the concept and the extended senses of warm and cool in English. As these temperature terms contain more than one semantic representation, this study aims at finding out the prototypical meaning, the extended senses, and the relation between the prototypical meaning and the extended senses of these lexemes. The word warm has three extended senses, namely: (1) friendly, (2) pleasant to other senses, and (3) near the goal of the game. Furthermore, the word cool whose prototypical meaning is “having a low temperature†has four senses, namely: (1) calm, (2) unfriendly, (3) fashionable and (4) agreeable. These three words which are originally expressed to describe the degree of heat are extended to describe other human physical experience. The extension of those senses is motivated by metaphors as the temperature domain is pervasive to express non-temperature entity. The discussion highlights the relations between the central sense and the extended ones. The relation of the senses enables us to draw the semantic networks of polysemy warm and cool.
References
Ahmad, K. (2000). Neologisms , Nonces and Word Formation. Word Journal Of The International Linguistic Association, II(August), 1–13.
ArcimaviÄienÄ—, L. (2011). The complex metaphor of political animals in media political discourse: A cross-linguistic perspective. Studies about Languages, 23.
Areshenkoff, C. N., Bub, D. N., & Masson, M. E. J. (2017). Task-dependent motor representations evoked by spatial words: Implications for embodied accounts of word meaning. Journal of Memory and Language, 92, 158–169. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2016.06.006
Birse, E. L. (1971). Assessment of climatic conditions in Scotland (3rd ed.). Aberdeen: Macaulay Institute for Soil Research.
Course, M. (2018). Words beyond meaning in Mapuche language ideology. Language & Communication, 63, 9–14. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.langcom.2018.03.007
Cruse, A. (2000). Meaning In Language: An Introduction to Semantics and Pragmatics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Deignan, A. (2006). Deignan, A. 2006. “The Grammar of Linguistic Metaphorsâ€. Dalam: Stefanowitsch, A. & Gries, S.Th., penyunting. Corpus-Based Approaches to Metaphor and Metonymy . Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. p. 106 — 122. In A. Stefanowitsch & S. Gries (Eds.), Corpus-Based Approaches to Metaphor and Metonymy (p. 106— 122). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Evans, V., & Green, M. (2006). Cognitive Linguistics: An Introduction. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
Falkum, I. L., & Vicente, A. (2015). Polysemy : Current Perspectives and Approaches. Linguia, (1), 1–39.
Finegan, E., Besnier, N., Blair, D., & Collins, P. (1992). Language: Its Structure and Use. Sydney: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
Hayani, R. (2016). Figurative language on maya angelou selected, 1(2), 131–143.
Ibarretxe-Antuñano, B. (1999). Polysemy and Metaphor in Perception Verbs: A Cross-Linguistic Study. University of Edinburgh.
InÄiuraitÄ—, L. (2013). Semantic meaning of colours in John Milton’s poem paradise lost. Studies about Languages, 23.
Kleparski, G. A. (2007). Hot pants, cold fish and cool customers. Seria Filologiczna.
Lakoff, G., & Johnson, M. (2003). Metaphors We Live By. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Langacker, R. (2008). Cognitive Grammar. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
LinkeviÄiÅ«tÄ—, V. (2013). Conceptual metaphors in gordon brown’s political discourse (2007–2008). Studies about Languages, 23.
Lorenzetti, M. I. (n.d.). “ That girl is hot , her dress is so cool , and I ’ m just chilling out now â€: Emergent metaphorical usages of temperature terms in English and Italian. Unpublished Full Paper, 1–14.
Maine, F., & Hofmann, R. (2016). Talking for meaning: The dialogic engagement of teachers and children in a small group reading context. International Journal of Educational Research, 75, 45–56. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2015.10.007
Moreno, A. I. (2005). An Analysis of Cognitive Dimension of Proverbs in English and Spanish: The Conceptual Power of Language Reflecting Popular Believes. SKASE Journal of Theoretical Linguistics, 2(1), 42–54.
Pasaribu, T. A. (2013). Analisis Linguistik Kognitif pada Polisemi Leksem CUT. Universitas Gadjah Mada.
Pasaribu, T. A. (2014). Polysemy and semantic extension of lexeme “Hot.†Language and Language Teaching Journal, 17(1), 51–60.
Pasaribu, T. A. (2016). Domains of Political Metaphors in Presidential Speeches. Language and Language Teaching Journal, 19(2).
Pasaribu, Truly Almendo. (2013). Analisis Linguistik Kognitif pada Polisemi Leksem CUT. Universitas Gadjah Mada.
Pasaribu, Truly Almendo. (2014). Polysemy and semantic extension of lexeme “Hot.†Language and Language Teaching Journal, 17(1), 51–60.
Šeškauskienė, I., & Levandauskaitė, T. (2013). Conceptualising Music: Metaphors of Classical Music Reviews. Studies about Languages. https://doi.org/ttps://doi.org/10.5755/j01.sal.0.23.5268
Shalihah, M. (2015). A look at the world through a word â€Shoes†: A componential analysis of meaning. Journal of Linguistics and Literature, 15(1).
Shalihah, Miftahush. (2015). A Look at the World through a Word †Shoes †: A Componential Analysis of Meaning, 15(1).
Srinivasan, M., Al-Mughairy, S., Foushee, R., & Barner, D. (2017). Learning language from within: Children use semantic generalizations to infer word meanings. Cognition, 159, 11–24. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2016.10.019
Stasiūnaitė, I. (2018). On the Motivated Polysemy of the Lithuanian ŽEMIAU Below. Studies about Languages, 2824(32), 5–20. https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.sal.32.0.19290
Tyler, A., & Evans, V. (2001). Reconsidering prepositional polysemy networks: The case of over. Language, 77.
Velykoroda, Y. (2019). Conceptual Metaphorization through Precedent-related Phenomena in Media Discourse. Studies about Languages, 34, 32–45.
Wijana, I. D. P. (2012). The use of English in Indonesian adolescent ’ S SLANG, 24(3), 315–323.
Wijaya, G. P. (2011). Polisemi pada Leksem Head: Tinjauan Linguistik Kognitif. Universitas Udayana.
Yasin, A. H., Mustafa, M. A., & Faysal, T. A. (2010). Neologism a s a Linguistic Phenomenon in Mass Media Textbook w ith Reference to Translation by Abst ra c t T he Conc e pt of N e ologism.
Yin, Z. (2016). Register-specific meaning categorization of linking adverbials in English. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 22, 1–18. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeap.2016.01.004
Downloads
Additional Files
Published
Issue
Section
License
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.