Students’ Views on the Use of Duolingo to Support Reading Comprehension

Authors

  • Tasa Salsabilah Universitas Muhammadiyah Kalimatan Timur
  • Dzul Rachman Universitas Muhammadiyah Kalimantan Timur https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8697-7773
  • Yeni Rahmawati Universitas Muhammadiyah Kalimantan Timur

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24903/bej.v8i1.2289

Keywords:

Duolingo, digital tools, language learning, reading comprehension, students’ perceptions

Abstract

This study investigates students' perceptions of Duolingo as an ICT-based tool for supporting reading comprehension in English as a foreign Language (EFL) education. While prior research has extensively investigated mobile-assisted language learning, fewer studies have analytically explored how Duolingo shapes students' cognitive and affective engagement in reading-related activities within the context of Indonesian higher education. This study employed a mixed-methods methodology with 54 first-semester English Education students at Universitas Muhammadiyah Kalimantan Timur to address this gap. Data were collected through questionnaires and semi-structured interviews and analyzed employing descriptive and thematic techniques. The results indicate that students typically perceive Duolingo as accessible and interesting for reading practice, though its educational efficacy seems constrained by material simplicity and reliance on consistent internet connectivity. The study demonstrates that Duolingo can serve as a supplementary tool rather than a substitute for formal education, highlighting the complex role of gamified mobile platforms in encouraging reading engagement and supporting learner autonomy in EFL contexts

References

Abadi, A., Halawa, J., Laoli, A., Zega, R., & Telaumbanua, Y. A. (n.d.). Application Of Technology Based Learning Media In Improving Students Reading Comprehension At The Tenth Grade Of Smk N 1 Botomuzoi In 2023/2024.

Alghonaim, A. S. (2020). Impact of Related Activities on Reading Comprehension of EFL Students. English Language Teaching, 13(4), 15. https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v13n4p15

Alim, sabarin, Aisyah, S., Sabat, Y., Hastuti, U. N., & Andayani, A. (2025). Gamified Vocabulary Learning: EFL Students’ Perceptions of Using Duolingo to Enhance English Vocabulary Mastery. Print) Journal of English Language and Education, 10, 2025. https://doi.org/10.31004/jele.v10i4.1256

Anwar, I. W., & Sailuddin, S. P. (2022). ACADEMIC READING DIFFICULTIES IN HIGHER EDUCATION. JOLLT Journal of Languages and Language Teaching, 10(2), 309. https://doi.org/10.33394/jollt.v%vi%i.4849

Arbain, A., & Nur, D. R. (2017). Techniques for teaching speaking skill in Widya Gama Mahakam University. Script Journal: Journal of Linguistics and English Teaching, 2(1), 13–25.

Arbain, A., & Nur, D. R. (2018). The use of magic and fairy tale dice to improve students’ ability in writing narrative text. 1st International Conference on Intellectuals’ Global Responsibility (ICIGR 2017), 91–94.

Arbain, A., & Rohman, A. (2023). Dubbing as a Pedagogical Tool: An Experimental Study on Eleventh-Grade Students at SMAN 8 Samarinda. EDUCASIA: Jurnal Pendidikan, Pengajaran, Dan Pembelajaran, 8(2), 147–156.

Arbain, A., Taufik, A., & Nur, D. R. (2017). Daily English Phrases Book. UWGM Press.

Budiono, A. D., Senowarsito, S., & Susanto, D. A. (2025). Developing metacognitive awareness through Duolingo application in enhancing students’ self-reliance in learning speaking. EduLite: Journal of English Education, Literature and Culture, 10(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.30659/e.10.1.1-15

Budiyanto, D., Tridinanti, G., & Ridho, M. R. (2024). Students’ Computer Literacy Skill, Motivation, and Reading Comprehension in Eleventh Grade. Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris Undiksha, 12, 150–158. https://doi.org/10.23887/jpbi.v12i

Darsih, E., & Asikin, N. A. (2020). Mobile Assisted Language Learning: Efl Learners� Perceptions Toward the Use Of Mobile Applications in Learning English. English Review: Journal of English Education, 8(2), 19. https://doi.org/10.25134/erjee.v8i2.2999

Dhiyaushshafa, D. N., & Otong Setiawan Djuharie. (2025). The Use of Mobile Applications Such As Duolingo to Support Self-directed English Learning. Sintaksis : Publikasi Para Ahli Bahasa Dan Sastra Inggris, 3(4), 165–173. https://doi.org/10.61132/sintaksis.v3i4.1924

Elshahawy, K. E. M. (2020). Practicing English Through Digital Devices: Practices and Perceptions of the EFL Undergraduate Students Majoring in English Language. International Journal of Language and Literary Studies, 2(1), 21–37. https://doi.org/10.36892/ijlls.v2i1.109

Ericsson Kamsik, A., & Daud, A. (2023). Students’ perception on the use of the Duolingo application as a medium for developing university-level English language skills. In Journal of English Language Teaching and Learning (JETLE) (Vol. 5, Issue 1). http://ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id/index.php/JETLe

Fadhilah, I. H. (2025). Students’ Perception of the Use of Duolingo Application for Speaking Skill. JPG: Jurnal Pendidikan Guru Journal, 6(3), 587–596. https://ejournal.uika-bogor.ac.id/index.php/jpg/index

Gracella, J., & Rahman Nur, D. (2020). Students’ Perception of English Learning through YouTube Application. Borneo Educational Journal (Borju), 2(1), 20–35. https://doi.org/10.24903/bej.v2i1.623

Gragera, R. (2024). Motivation and Proficiency in EFL: A case study using Duolingo. Proceedings of The World Conference on Teaching, Learning, and Education, 1(1), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.33422/worldtle.v1i1.671

Hidayat, I. (2025). Analysis Of The Effectiveness Of The Duolingo Application In Enhancing English Skills Of Elementary School Students: A Systematic Literature Review. Exposure Journal, 477(2), 477–490. https://journal.unismuh.ac.id/index.php/exposure

Irzawati, I. (2023). THE INTEGRATION OF DUOLINGO INTO EFL LEARNING.

Irzawati, I., & Felisya Unamo, A. (2023). J-SHMIC : Journal of English for Academic Students’ Perceptions and Attitudes towards the Utilization of Duolingo in EFL Learning. https://journal.uir.ac.id/index.php/jshmic

Istighfaroh, F. (2025). Gamified English Learning: Evaluating Duolingo Mobile Apps Impact On Det Performance Among Indonesian College Students. In Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris Proficiency (Vol. 7, Issue 2).

Jaya, U. B., Ramadhianti, A., & Somba, S. (2023). Reading Comprehension Difficulties In Indonesian Efl Students. 6(1).

Jiang, X., Rollinson, J., Plonsky, L., & Pajak, B. (2020). Duolingo efficacy study: Beginning-level courses equivalent to four university semesters. https://www.duolingo.com/efficacy

Keristiana, T., Arbain, A., & Fitriana, R. (2019a). Teachers’ Strategies in Managing a Large Class in Teaching English at SMP Negeri 01 Tanjung Selor. Borneo Educational Journal (Borju), 1(1), 37–49.

Khilyatul Auliya, P., Ardiyansah, T. Y., & Muhammad, R. N. (2021). Mobile Assisted Language Learning: Platfoms To Support Students Teacher Improving Reading Skill. Journal of English Teaching, Literature, and Applied Linguistics, 5(1), 2021. https://doi.org/10.30587/jetlal.v4i1

Laksanasut, S. (2025). Gamification in ESL/EFL Education: Transforming Language Learning and Teaching Through Play. TESOL and Technology Studies, 6(1), 16–29. https://doi.org/10.48185/tts.v6i1.1562

Liunokas, Y. (2025). IDEAS Journal of Language Teaching and Learning, Linguistics and Literature The Use of Duolingo Application in Teaching Reading Skill. 12(2), 2500–2509. https://doi.org/10.2456/ideas

Malika Alya, P., & Repelita Waty BrKembaren, F. (2025). IDEAS Journal of Language Teaching and Learning, Linguistics and Literature Indonesian Teachers’ Perception on Duolingo for English Learning: Opportunities and Challenges. 13(1), 251–261. https://doi.org/10.24256/ideas

Manes, F. V, Isu, R. J., Anabokay, Y. M., & Sekoni, R. P. (2025). An Analysis of the Implementation Duolingo Application in Teaching English Skills in Eleventh Grade at SMA Negeri 1 Tasifeto Timur. 2, 18–28. https://doi.org/10.61132/jupendir.v2i3.542

Merilia, S., Fajaruddin, S., & Arbain, A. (2019). An assessment of an English textbook of the vocational school. Arisen: Assessment and Research on Education, 1(2), 74–83.

Nur, D. R. (2020). Virtual Reality adoption in Indonesia higher Education from lecturer’s voice. English Teaching Journal: A Journal of English Literature, Language and Education, 8(1), 31–35.

Nur, D. R. (2021). Studentâ€TM s voices on Kahoot at tertitary level in East Kalimantan. Linguista: Jurnal Ilmiah Bahasa, Sastra, Dan Pembelajarannya, 5(1), 26–35.

Nowell, L. S., Norris, J. M., White, D. E., & Moules, N. J. (2017). Thematic Analysis: Striving to Meet the Trustworthiness Criteria. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 16(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/1609406917733847

Nurmahanani, I. (2023). Effectiveness of a Mixed Methods-Based Literacy Program in Improving Reading Comprehension, Vocabulary Mastery, and Reading Fluency Skills of Early Grade Students. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 22(7), 324–343. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.22.7.17

Ode Achmad Suherman, L., Ode Riniati, W., Sukwara Akfan, S., & Dian Utami, N. (2025). Utilizing Mobile-Assisted Language Learning (Duolingo) to Foster Metacognitive Awareness and Self-Directed Learning in Non-English Major Students. Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities, 8, 2025. https://doi.org/10.34050/elsjish.v8i1.43453

Ouyang, Z., Jiang, Y., & Liu, H. (2024). The Effects of Duolingo, an AI-Integrated Technology, on EFL Learners’ Willingness to Communicate and Engagement in Online Classes. In International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning (Vol. 25). https://www.duolingo.com/

Pikhart, M., Klimova, B., & Al-Obaydi, L. H. (2024). Exploring university students’ preferences and satisfaction in utilizing digital tools for foreign language learning. Frontiers in Education, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2024.1412377

Praditha, E., & Nur, D. R. (2019). Students’ Problem in Using English E-Learning in SMP Katolik 1 WR. Soepratman Samarinda. Borneo Educational Journal (Borju), 1(2), 1–9.

Puspitasari, R., Ramadhan, M. R., Fadli, A., & Nurhaliza, S. (2025). Mobile-Assisted Vocabulary Learning through Duolingo: Insights from Indonesian University Students across Disciplines. Jurnal Tahuri, 22(2), 137–156. https://doi.org/10.30598/tahurivol22issue2page137-156

Rizki Nurhidayah Sitompul. (2025). Duolingo in Basic English Learning: Student Engagement and Achievement. Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Sastra Inggris, 5(3), 563–569. https://doi.org/10.55606/jupensi.v5i3.6321

Sakkir, G., & Syamsuddin, N. A. (2023). Students’ Perceptions of Duolingo Mobile Assisted Language Learning (MALL) in Learning English Vocabulary. EduLine: Journal of Education and Learning Innovation, 3(3), 381–388. https://doi.org/10.35877/454ri.eduline1970

Shortt, M., Tilak, S., Kuznetcova, I., Martens, B., & Akinkuolie, B. (2021). Gamification in mobile-assisted language learning: a systematic review of Duolingo literature from public release of 2012 to early 2020. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 36(3), 517–554. https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2021.1933540

Suherman, L. O. A., Farisatma, F., Krisnawati, K., & Hamka, N. (2024). Leveraging MALL in Higher Education: A Study on Duolingo’s Efficacy in Enhancing Language Learning Motivation. Elsya : Journal of English Language Studies, 6(3), 231–243. https://doi.org/10.31849/elsya.v6i3.22843

Wulan, A. R., Hermagustiana, I., & Mulawarman, U. (2019). The EFL Learners’ Perceptions toward Mobile Device Usage and Mobile-Assisted Language Learning (MALL) at English Department of Mulawarman University. In E3L: Journal of English Teaching, Linguistic, and Literature (Vol. 2, Issue 1).

Yang, W., & Ying, Z. (2025). Exploring the potential of gamified reading: the effects of duolingo on L2 reading, self-efficacy, and learner experiences in a Chinese university EFL context. BMC Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-025-03180-3

Zhou, S. (2024). Gamifying language education: the impact of digital game-based learning on Chinese EFL learners. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-024-04073-3

Downloads

Published

2026-01-30

How to Cite

Salsabilah, T., Rachman, D., & Rahmawati, Y. (2026). Students’ Views on the Use of Duolingo to Support Reading Comprehension. Borneo Educational Journal (Borju), 8(1), 109–127. https://doi.org/10.24903/bej.v8i1.2289

Most read articles by the same author(s)

1 2 > >>